Jamshid Yazdani-Charati; Freshteh Khatti-Dizabadi; Goljahan Javadi; Erfan Oladi; Zohre Haghparast; Fatemeh Haghparast; Milad Ahmadi Marzaleh
Volume 25, Issue 1 , 2023
Abstract
Background: COVID-19 is the third pandemic of the 21st century, is highly contagious, and can cause anxiety due to the development of serious physical problems and reduction of quality of life. Anxiety is a psychological state experienced by nearly all humans in life. However, it is considered a mental ...
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Background: COVID-19 is the third pandemic of the 21st century, is highly contagious, and can cause anxiety due to the development of serious physical problems and reduction of quality of life. Anxiety is a psychological state experienced by nearly all humans in life. However, it is considered a mental disorder if it exceeds its moderate level. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the anxiety level, mental health, and their related factor in the population above 18 years old in Qaemshahr County.Methods: This descriptive, correlational study was conducted on 400 individuals in Qaemshahr County. Given the population of this county, convenience sampling was employed to select 40% of the participants from the rural population and 60% from the urban population. The data were collected using a demographic questionnaire (7 items), the Corona Disease Anxiety Scale (CDAS) including somatic (physical) anxiety and psychic (mental) anxiety sections, and the 12-item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ). Descriptive and inferential statistical tests (multiple linear regression analysis, independent sample t-test, one-way ANOVA, and Pearsons test) were used in the SPSS 25 software for data analysis.Results: The mean score of mental health was 22.93±8.9, which accounted for 63.69% of the total score of the questionnaire. The total mean score of anxiety was also 9.46±6.89, which contributed to 31.53% to the total score of the questionnaire. According to the results, physical anxiety per se predicted 31% of the dependent variable (mental health).Conclusion: The results showed a significant negative correlation between mental health and anxiety resulting from COVID-19. In other words, the higher the anxiety level, the lower the level of mental health would be. Anxiety also acted as an underlying variable threatening health. Moreover, the mean score of mental anxiety was higher in married, divorced, and widowed participants than in single ones.
Fatemeh Tajari; Ghahraman Mahmoudi; Fatemeh Dabbaghi; Jamshid Yazdani-Charati
Volume 24, Issue 8 , 2022
Abstract
Background: Electronic referral system (e-Referral system) in Iran was launched to increase access to care and improve interaction.
Objectives: The present study aimed to design an appropriate model for evaluating the performance of the e-Referral system in Iran.
Methods: This study was conducted in ...
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Background: Electronic referral system (e-Referral system) in Iran was launched to increase access to care and improve interaction.
Objectives: The present study aimed to design an appropriate model for evaluating the performance of the e-Referral system in Iran.
Methods: This study was conducted in three stages: 1) review of literature related to electronic referral systems, 2) qualitative phase, and 3) quantitative phase. Participants in the qualitative phase included 42 managers, policymakers of the Ministry of Health, medical universities, service providers, and recipients who were purposively selected for this study. Data were analyzed through content analysis. In the quantitative phase, the target group consisted of 604 staff of medical universities implementing the e-Referral system. Data were analyzed using the EQS (version 6.3) and SPSS (version 20) software. Chi-square test, degree of freedom, the goodness of fit index, root mean square error, adjusted goodness of fit index, and the Friedman test were used to investigate the suitability of the model.
Results: Fourteen main themes were identified and classified for the model design Based on the results of the present study. The components of developing rules and regulations, stakeholder advocacy, economic evaluation, and quality of health services had average ratings of 13.99, 13.00, and 11.35, respectively, regarding their role in designing the evaluation model for the e-Referral system in Iran.
Conclusion: The results of structural equation modeling showed that the components play an essential role in designing the performance evaluation model of e-Referral in the Iranian health system. This study addressed various aspects affecting the e-Referral and provided the possibility of performance evaluation in the health sector in a principled and systematic format. Health managers and policymakers can use the present study findings to discover the strengths and weaknesses of the e-Referral performance.
